LASER POWER SYSTEMS

2009-01-14T22:40:00.000-03:00

LASER POWER SYSTEMS

Apart from the United States other plants will be set up in Brazil and Mexico

Each one of these units will employ over 1.200 people.

Williams Power Systems, LLC & Laser Power Systems. LLC. (J/V) Are developing new cutting edge alternative power generation technology. This is the alternative to oil, gas, coal and conventional Nuclear power plants and the replacement technology for the internal combustion engines.

The amount of free energy contained in thorium fuel is 20 millions of times the amount of free energy contained in a similar mass of chemical fuel such as coal making thorium an ideal source of energy; additionally thorium does not produce any trans uranium byproducts, in fact burning thorium can be the answer to the nuclear waste problem. Concerns over nuclear waste accumulation and over the immense destructive potential of nuclear weapons may counterbalance the desirable qualities of fission as an energy source, and give rise to intense ongoing political debate over nuclear power. The green future of electrical power generation & prime mover systems application: Clean no emissions Simple to build Easy to maintain Cheap to operate .This system can supply the all the world’s energy needs: Primary generators Secondary generators Industrial Commercial Farms Homes Transportation power systems Autos Trucks Trains Ships Air craft Space craft Other application for the Maxell laser: Medical Industrial Military.

This is a business plan. It does not imply an offering of securities.
Executive Summary Laser Power Systems, LLC/ Williams Power Systems, LLC. 1901 Waterbend Dr. Verona, WI 53953 Dr. Charles Stevens 17 Audubon Way, Sturbridge, MA. 01566 508-347-9235
Email address: chs@helyxzion.net In 1987 the first MaxFelaser was developed by Dr. Charles Stevens in 2007 Laser Power Systems, LLC was founded to develop a Ultra Hi-Out Put MaxFelaser turbine generator system this can provide practically unlimited energy production. These systems have been under development for many years and consist of three major subsystems:  The MaxFeLaser  Tesla Turbine  Hi Speed PM generators

Project Description: R & D and manufacturing complex for the building of Laser Turbine Power Systems, a Highly differentiated, unique and significantly superior product.

At this time the 2.5 Mkw High speed generators have been build and is being tested by the USAF. The 2.5 Mkw unit is a 1/10th the size of conventional generators at only 28 x 21 inches and 360 lbs., number of other sizes, 5Kw, 30Kw. 90Kw, 200Kw, 1.2 Mkw have also been built and tested under a number of development programs and larger units are being designed to meet the demands of the commercial power industry.

The Tesla turbines are simple and cheap to build the one in the picture is 75% Complete but is just a new prototype design that has many application. The complete system, MaxFelaser, turbine, need to be sized to the generator that it would be powering. At this time more that 20 years of research and development has gone into these technologies. To produces a complete prototype systems will take 6 to 9 months and another 12 to 18 month for small scale manufacturing to start and 24 to 30 months for larger scale production to be in place. This time scale is based on a minimum investments of 25 million dollars over a 3 year period. It would be possible to fast track the project and cut the time in half but the faster and larger the project the more money it would cost, cost is relative, the profits would be larger and come faster as well. The key to this system is the Ultra HI-OP MaxFeLaser that make it possible to generate power with zero emission NO GREEN HOUSE GASES. The laser utilizes the power in ―ear Earth Metals‖and a new laser plumbing system to flash water to steam and drive a teals turbine PM hi-speed generator producing clean emission free energy for just about any power system requirement or application: large central power systems, distributed power systems, local, stand-by or back up power systems, or small in home or business system as well as the 200 Kw to 500 Kw systems that could be put into cars, trucks or just about anything that now uses an internal combustion engine. Other applications: Industrial cutting and welding, medical, communication, military, Alternative power generation, transportation: cars, trucks, trains, planes and space craft.

This system can be produced at a cost less than current power systems such as coal fired or nuclear power plant. These systems have many advantages over other systems:  Emissions free  Safe to operate  Cheap to build and operate  Decentralized distributed systems  Lager centralized grid based systems  Back up or Stand by systems  Scalable From 1Kw to 100 Mkw  Mobility for use in transportation systems  Can use many different fuels

If these systems can be made safe and relatively cheap, how popular could they get?
In very general and broad terms the Mission of LPS is to create a economic boom for the area in which it is located, providing high paying jobs with full benefits, provide a growing tax base for the expansion of local infrastructure (school, hospitals, roads, utilities, government building and services) wail maintaining a high quality of life. The R&D center will have a secondary spin off effect on the local economy in many other areas such as hospitality, construction, transportation. This in turn will create an industrial base that will impact the world economy with new cutting edge technology in health care, bio-tech, nanotechnology, manufacturing and alternative energy technologies that will provide the world with clean green energy slowing global warming and stimulate and developing sustainable economic progress, There are just as many definitions for it. Ours is "meeting the needs of our stakeholders today, while preserving choices for future generations to meet their needs". Most theories on sustainable development refer to economic, environmental and social responsibilities. We've personalized these into governance and management and our four measures of success: a safe, healthy and rewarding workplace; a clean environment; supportive communities; and outstanding financial performance.

What is the business case? First and foremost, we are fully confident in the business case for sustainable development. As we see it, sustainable development is a management philosophy and process that reconciles short and long-term external pressures with big, smart moves to:

 build trust, credibility and corporate reputation;
 gain and protect our license to operate and grow;
 direct innovation and productivity to build competitive advantage.

Taken together, these moves determine our ultimate success or failure.
Why commit to sustainable development? We may have good intentions, but the reality is that our preoccupation with sustainable development simply makes a good business case.

Regardless of motive, we have begun to better understand our impact on the world, to think differently, to behave differently, and to come up with innovative courses of action. So have our competitors and many other companies as well. In fact, we are all learning from each other and pushing each other to new heights in terms of improving approaches to sustainable development and stakeholder engagement. This critical mass of competition could make a world of difference. The more companies that are engaged in sustainable development, the better the chance that our world will evolve in ways that will continue to offer opportunities to future generations.

How do we implement sustainable development? Has sustainable development impacted our business strategy and our business goals? Yes, it has. Companies like never before are under critical scrutiny for the way in which they conduct business. In response, we have seen a significant increase in our stakeholder expectations — employees, long-term contractors, unions, regulators, local communities, suppliers, industry, governments, non-governmental organizations (NGO), customers, shareholders and lenders—are interested in environmentally and socially responsible business practices. These growing expectations pose several challenges; chief among them is formulating powerful business strategies or big, smart moves that capture maximum value for our stakeholders while driving us toward our vision and mission. We've looked at our stakeholder expectations and have chosen to focus on 5 business strategies – governance and management and our four measures of success: a safe, healthy and rewarding workplace; a clean environment; supportive communities; and outstanding financial performance. For each of these strategies, we set and evaluate the business goals, plans, tactics, and performance measures to stimulate the change we need to see.We have, by no means, mastered the concept of sustainable development or have it fully built in and institutionalized. We don't believe that it will ever be possible for us to say, "That's it, we are sustainable now." The needs of our stakeholders will continue to evolve as will our own awareness of them and of the possible strategies for action.

Quite simply, because performance plus transparency is just good business, we set the stage for measuring our performance with respect to governance and management; a safe, healthy and rewarding workplace; a clean environment; supportive communities; and outstanding financial performance.

Why do we want to report on our performance in these areas? Because, we believe that if LPS/WPS, demonstrates performance transparency we will know explicitly what to do to excel with each of our stakeholders. More importantly, we believe this will assist individual employees in connecting what they do in their jobs to the bigger picture of LPS/WPS overall performance.

This is the alterative to oil, gas, coal and conventional Nuclear power plants and the replacement technology for the internal combustion engines The green future of electrical power generation & prime mover systems application:

1. MaxFeLasers Systems
a. Alternative energy generation systems
industrial medical communications nanochip EUL/ALD Alternative power systems for transportation Laser turbine/electric Motor systems Autos & wheeled vehicle Air Craft & Space Craft Water Craft & Ships Water production and purification systems Genetics Bio-Informatics software
a. full genome understanding
b. genetic ID and forensics
c. Diagnostics
1. Fast Sequencing
2. Gene vectoring systems
3. DNA vaccines
4. Animal and plant genetics
5. Gene therapy
6. Advanced genetic
Nanotechnology
1. Nano Atomic Layer Deposition
2. Nano Electronics Chips
3. Nano Genetics
4. Nano Devices
5. Nanoelectroics
6. Nano materials
7. Nano macros

Computer Technologies
1. Extreme Ultra violate Lithography
2. Massive parallel processing
3. LAMP
4. Mass Data Storage
Internet Technologies
1. Information systems
2. Internet Education Systems
general manufacturing
1. turbines
2. magnet bearings
3. electronics
4. ceramics
5. metal parts
6. injection moldings
7. laser cutting & welding
Construction
1. industrial building
2. housing construction
3. hi-tech SIP
4. infrastructure
a. roads
b. utilities
c. schools

Project Description: R & D and manufacturing complex for the building of Laser Turbine Power , a Highly differentiated, unique and significantly superior product. ............................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................
The investment opportunity is not in the thorium itself, it's in the technology that unlocks the value of thorium. ......................................................................................................
This is intended to education the public about the value of thorium as a future energy source. Despite the fact that our world is desperately searching for new sources of energy, the value of thorium is not well-understood, even in the "nuclear engineering" community. The fundamental basis for considering nuclear energy over chemical energy is the binding energy released in each case. Chemical energy is released when the electron configuration of atoms is rearranged through a chemical process (combustion, digestion, etc.) Electrons are bound to nuclei with binding energies measured in electron volts (eV). The protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus, on the other hand, are bound with energies measured in millions of electron volts (MeV).

Fission of natural uranium requires the construction of reactors that maintain high neutron energies (fast-spectrum reactors) throughout their operation. This is because the fission of plutonium-239 (the result of neutron absorption in uranium-238, the dominant isotope) does not produce enough neutrons to sustain the process unless it is bombarded by high-energy neutrons. Fission of natural thorium, on the other hand, is much easier because its absorption product (uranium-233) produces enough neutrons from collision with a slowed-down (thermal) neutron to sustain the fission reaction, given that the reactor is designed to be frugal with its neutrons. This feature, and the abundance of thorium worldwide, give thorium a profound advantage over the other nuclear fuels for sustained energy generation. Thorium is abundant in the Earth's crust and widespread across the United States and around the world: This is a storage cask containing 200 lbs of thorium nitrate. This thorium was formed in a supernova over five billion years ago, and during its formation, it was infused with vast amounts of energy in the structure of its nucleus.

For five billion years this material has stored its energy, and only in the last 60 years, have we realized how to utilize it. Inside the cask we see the thorium nitrate, with a consistency much like sugar. It is mildly radioactive, not so much from the thorium itself but from decay products that have formed. The material can be handled with only a rubber glove as shielding. Releasing the energy from thorium is a three-step process. First, the thorium must be exposed to neutrons. When it intercepts and absorbs a neutron, it will transmute from thorium-232 to thorium-233. In a few minutes, the thorium-233 will decay into protactinium-233. Next, the protactinium-233 must be isolated from neutrons. The Pa-233 nucleus has a half-life of 27 days, and when it decays it will decay into uranium-233. But during its time as Pa-233, it has a great affinity for capturing another neutron. This is undesirable since it will lead to the formation of Pa-234, which will then decay to U-234, which is not fissile. ...........................................................................................................................
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But if the Pa-233 is isolated from neutrons, it will decay as planned, and a nucleus of uranium-233 will be formed. Then the uranium-233 is reintroduced into the reactor and exposed to neutrons.

It will undergo fission, releasing additional neutrons to continue the consumption of additional thorium.

MaxFeLaser TRANSMUTATION OF UNWANTED NUCLEAR MATERIAL ........................... 13
The threat to safety and security posed by the radioactive waste generated nuclear power plants and the growing stockpile of plutonium and other fissionable materials presently being recovered from disassembled nuclear bombs might be reduced. A theory offered by Tesla Dr. Charles Stevens CEO of Laser Power Systems, LLC holds the solution to the problem of dealing with unwanted nuclear material that is piling up after the disassembly of nuclear warheads and reactors. ..........................

The proposed Maxium Effect Free electron process in the LPS laser uses a electromagnetic pumb and containment field, acting on the radioactive substances, which in effect, accelerates the rate of random nuclear decay. In addition to dealing with a result of the long awaited move toward disarmament, the ever increasing accumulation of radioactive waste from various civilian activities might also be dealt with. With the alternative being long term entombment, with all of the associated costs and perils. 3

1.0 Products
The new company Laser Power Systems, LLC is the first and only company to see the possibilities of applying the FEL laser (as the prime mover, power source) to the Tesla Turbine, and High speed generators to create a truly efficient power generator systems that is ease to build and cheap to operate. With the added advantage of being none polluting, as the systems uses NO GAS or OIL. The laser power system is three distinct technologies MaxFeLaser Tesla Turbine Hi-speed generators
A Tesla turbine consists of a set of smooth disks, with nozzles applying a moving gas to the edge of the disk. The gases drag on the disk by means of viscosity and the adhesion of the surface layer of the gas. As the gas slows and adds energy to the disks, it spirals in to the center exhaust. Since the rotor has no projections, it is very sturdy.

LPS is now in the process of designing a new updated version of the tesla turbine using modern materials and manufacturing technology to build a far more efficient turbine, that will be easer and cheaper to build, maintain, operate and have a longer service life.
The LPS "MaxFel" laser," or FEL, generates tunable, coherent, Ultra-high power radiation, currently ranging in wavelength from millimeters to the visible. While a MaxFel laser beam shares the same optical properties as conventional lasers such as coherent radiation, the operation of a MaxFef is quite different. Unlike gas or diode lasers which rely on bound atomic or molecular states, MaxFel uses a relativistic electron beam as the lasing medium, hence the term free-electron. Free electron lasers can be used to generate terahertz radiation. (This example is based on a 25mm laser) Further LPS MaxFel uses a excitation system that only requires 12 v input to produce a laser beam powerful enough to flash water to steam driving a turbine/generator able to produce 10Kv ... Larger lasers or multiple lasers can still run off 12 v power supplies and have output generation of up to 100kv which is not the limits of such systems but is the most cost effective size range. LPS has developed the MaxFel with long operational life in mined, MaxFel lasers with standard chemistry have a 5,000 hours burn life time expectance. MaxFeLasers using thorium fuel will have life-to-burn-out of 15,000+ hours.
The LTP "MaxFel" laser," or FEL, generates tunable, coherent, high power radiation, currently ranging in wavelength from millimeters to the visible. While a MaxFel laser beam shares the same optical properties as conventional lasers such as coherent radiation, the operation of a MaxFef is quite different. Unlike gas or diode lasers which rely on bound atomic or molecular states, MaxFel uses a relativistic electron beam as the lasing medium, hence the term free-electron. Free electron lasers can be used to generate terahertz radiation. (This example is based on a 25mm laser) Further LTP MaxFel uses a excitation system that only requires 12 v input to produce a laser beam powerful enough to flash water to steam driving a turbine/generator able to produce 10Kv ... Larger lasers or multiple lasers can still run off 12 v power supplies and have output generation of up to 100kv which is not the limits of such systems but is the most cost effective size range. LPS also has developed the MaxFel with long operational life in mine, MaxFel lasers with standard chemistry have a 5,000 hours burn life time expectance.

Laser Power Systems Developing Cutting Edge Energy Technology LPS is developing a revolutionary family of energy conversion technologies that operates by using known and proven physics which convert matter to energy from materials that are non-polluting. Understanding these principles LPS is opening the way to power and propulsion systems that will turn around Global Warming, and opens a path to cost competitive electric power, automotive, and later aerospace propulsion. At the present rate of progress, Williams Power Systems, LLC could have a 10 kW Power system, anticipated to generate electricity for less than one cent per kilowatt-hour, ready for sale by strategic partners next year. "Nothing else would come close," says Dr. Charles Stevens. LPS has a number of designs under development, and has built a few working prototypes including rotating as well as solid state, no-moving-parts devices. Ten kilowatts would power 100, 100-Watt bulbs, for example. Homes can operate on between 5 and 15 kW. The Laser Power Units mentioned are not one particular modality, but refer to any one of a number of various methods being developed by LPS, from small, solid state versions, up to hundred-megawatt devices -- all of which use some of the same general principles. In the near-term, LPS is focusing on pre-production prototypes demonstration devices, of 10 kW generator size. LPS expects that these will be manufactured by strategic partners under license next year. Early application would be portable or emergency generators which would provide enough power for homes and small business. In their early production runs, LPS expect to be able to successfully build most of the unit form off the shelf hardware, in large measure because of the added efficiency gained from not needing to tool up, not to mention the cost of machining new molds and parts. In fact, adapting existing parts as one of the best attributes of the technology, both because it enables a more rapid deployment, and because of the efficiencies represented in using what is already available. Plugging Your House into Your Car When a generator unit ready for use in a car, LPS would like to see U.S. auto manufacturers get with the clean-energy program so they too could benefit from these advances. Later, optimized designs will begin to replace engines in every variety of vehicles. The world can then truly start to end its dependence on fossil fuels. One interesting twist with this arrangement, rather than having to plug your car in at night while it is not being driven, the car could provide continuous power to the home from the LPS generator, or could be plugged in to the power grid earning money for the owner. LPS envisions a time not too long from now when parking garages will advertise, "We pay you," as they try to woo you into their facility to let your car provide power to the utility grid, and pay you. On the other end of the scale, one firm has expressed interest in small units to replace the batteries powering laptop computers. Eventually, just about anything electric or electronic device could have its own power source.
1.1.1 Abstract
Abstract: Laser power systems, LLC as it pertains to the MaxFeLaser systems that use Thorium or enriched Thorium Fuel as a high energy gain medium. Frequency selective means, particularly for use in Thorium or fuel enriched (fuel) MaxFelasers induced isotopically selective ionization to increase lasing of the excited fuel medium. The frequency selective means, such as filters, are placed at intervals in the MaxFelaser fuel vapor is trans missive to the illuminating laser frequencies at which population inversions exist in the excited fuel. The filters enhance the path length and correspondingly the gain in the excited fuel to high intensity lasing by the fuel itself. 1. A system for increasing excitation by self lasing in a column of particles excited for subsequent further energization, said system comprising:

1.A means for defining said column of particles; means for applying EM radiation to said column of particles to produce excitation of particles in said column to at least three excited energy levels; the column of said particles having at least two population inversion between an excited and lower level with a gain sufficient to produce self lasing of said column of particles; and means associated with said column of particles for inducing excitation thereof by self lasing.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the induction means a wave frequency oscillator to induce energy level gains at one or more particular frequencies where inversion gain is sufficient for producing intense self lasing in said column.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetic induction means includes a band pass filter having transmission at the one or more frequencies of said applied radiation.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetic induction means includes a dispersive element.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the dispersive element is a mirror.

6. The system of claim 4 wherein the dispersive element is a grating.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the reducing means includes: a dispersive element operative to disperse the applied radiation across a spectrum; Means for occluding spectral portions in the dispersed radiation other than the frequencies corresponding to the applied radiation; and Means for applying the dispersed, selectively occluded radiation to further portions of the column of particles.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the means for applying the dispersed, selectively occluded radiation includes a further dispersive element.

9. The system of claim 8 further including first and second converging elements intermediate the respective dispersive and further dispersive elements and the occluding means.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein the converging elements are cylindrical reflectors.

11. The system of claim 9 wherein the converging elements are refractive.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetic inducing camber is of a type having partially reflecting surfaces and the partially reflecting surfaces are obliquely inclined to the path of applied radiation to increase feedback reflection of self lasing radiation into portions of the column of particles.

13. The system of claim 1 wherein: the means for defining a column of particles includes a plurality of atmospherically isolated chambers; and the magnetic inducing means includes optically trans missive windows for the entry and exiting of the applied radiation from chamber to chamber; the windows being obliquely inclined to the path of applied radiation to increase feedback reflection to the chambers of self lasing radiation which would increase the gain thereof.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein said column of particles includes fuel vapor.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein the applied radiation is tuned for selective excitation of one fuel or more isotope type.

16. The system of claim 1 wherein said column of particles includes doped or ALD applied fuel and fuel vapor.

17. The system of claim 1 including a plurality of said magnetic induction or other means.

18. The system of claim 1 wherein said induction means includes an optical plate which has a transmission varying with frequency.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein said plate includes at least one coating.

20. A system for fuel enrichment comprising: A plurality of chambers having: means for generating a vapor containing fuel in plural isotope forms; obliquely inclined radiation input and output windows between paths for radiation within said chambers; a source of laser radiation of one or more frequencies with the radiation thereof applied sequentially to the radiation paths of said chambers through the windows thereof, the radiation thereby being applied to a column of fuel vapor to produce isotopically selective excitation of an isotope type in the fuel vapor; positioned at a predetermined radiation path length from the laser radiation source in order to increase self lasing in the excited fuel vapor to an intensity which prevents the loss of a major portion of the laser excited particles in the fuel vapor.

21. A system for increased excitation gains by stimulated radiation in a column of particles excited for subsequent further energization, said system comprising: Means for defining said column of particles; means for applying energy to said column of particles to produce excitation of particles in said column to an excited energy state; the column of said particles having a gain sufficient to produce stimulated radiation in said column of particles.

22. The system of claim 21 wherein the induction means includes a nullity wave band generator to further induce the gain at one or more particular frequencies of stimulated radiation.

23. The system of claim 21 wherein the magnetic induction means includes an oscillator having transmission at the one or more frequencies of the applied energy.

24. The system of claim 21 further including means for excited energy state particles to exit the column Appendix Page 6

25. The system of claim 25 wherein the stimulated radiation is stimulated Raman scattering.

26. The system of claim 25 wherein the stimulated radiation becomes self lasing. means for defining said column of particles; means for applying magnetic radiation to said column of particles to produce excitation of particles in said column to at least one or more excited energy level; the column of said particles having at least one population inversion between an excited and lower level with a gain sufficient to produce self lasing of said column of particles; and means associated with said column of particles excitation thereof by self lasing. means for defining said column of particles; means for applying isotopically selective energy to said column of particles to produce excitation of particles in said column to an excited energy state for subsequent ionization thereof; the column of said particles having a gain sufficient to produce stimulated radiation in said column of particles; and means associated with said column of particles for increase excitation thereof by the stimulated radiation.

Dr. Stevens is developing a system for the relatively quick transmutation of nuclear waste products to a short-lived or stable non-radioactive form through a process he calls "MaxFelasing" The technology involves a reaction known as photo fission.
Photoelectric Effect: This describes the case in which a gamma photon interacts with and transfers its energy to an atomic electron, ejecting that electron from the atom. The kinetic energy of the resulting photoelectron is equal to the energy of the incident gamma photon minus the binding energy of the electron. The photoelectric effect is the dominant energy transfer mechanism for x-ray and gamma ray photons with energies below 50 keV but it is much less important at higher energies.
The technology is being developed to create a new generation of MaxFeLaser power generator systems for the safe production of electrical power. "The physical principles underlying the MaxFeLaser technology are
established conventional photo nuclear principles applied in a new and revolutionary manner." It may be that all we need now is an economical source of Fuel. The following is an abstract of Dr. Stevens paper "MaxFeLaser Photo-transmutation for Waste Management" that explains the basics. "A three axel electro-magnetic accelerator, which also acts as a containment vessel, accelerates electrons in a rear earth matrix (which contains the "fuel" to be burned") to generate Photons and gamma rays, the reaction, thus releasing about 200 MeV. A MaxFeLaser built according to this principle requires an "accelerator" driven by 12 v power supply employing a tesla coil which steps up the voltage to 100,000 v. The reaction is not self-sustaining and stops when the system is turned off. This MaxFeLaser may be used to "burn-up" a wide verity of fuels spent fuel from fission reactors, if simply one option. The fact that the reaction is not self-sustaining is a safety feature allowing immediate shut-down in the event of a problem." The photo-fission results in typical spent fuel waste products such as Cs137 and Sr90 which undergo photo disintegration by the ( , n) [(g , n)] reaction resulting in short lived or stable products. Chemical separations of the spent fuel isotopes are not necessary. :

The application of photonuclear physics to nuclear waste is called Photo deactivation. Photo deactivation involves the irradiation of specific radioactive isotopes to force the emission of a neutron, thereby producing an isotope of reduced atomic mass. These resultant isotopes can be characteristically either not radioactive or radioactive with a short half-life. The fundamental mechanism works on the laboratory scale, and preliminary research suggests that this technology will also work on the industrial scale. LPS is taking the steps necessary for commercialization of the technology. As for most of the advanced nuclear technologies developed today, computer simulation is one of the most important and necessary steps. LPS will use and improve research and development, design, test, improve, and develop experiments and commercial facilities through computer modeling. LPS plans to capitalize on its patent and patent-pending technology by forming strategic alliances and joint ventures with well-established leaders in the nuclear industry. Continued revenue streams are expected through licensing of the technology with both upfront fees and ongoing royalties. LPS technology, the MaxFeLaser process by its very design is the best applications for remediation of nuclear waste. The proposed process would operate at a sub-critical level, and be inherently safe. Any excess heat produced by the process could also be recovered for heating. The efficiency claimed exceeds 90% due to the high cross-section reactions in the MaxFelaser and its Resonance region. The 10 MeV electron beam produces typical fission reactions in the 200MeV range effectively turning high level solid wastes such as spent fuel into an energy source. The process is intended for on-site power generation something that current nuclear technology can never offer.

While this idea is similar in topology to a system being developed by Los Alamos National Labs, Dr. Stevens approach offers several advantages: no need for extensive chemical pre-processing and the energy required to effect transmutation is greatly reduced. No new technology needs to be developed, yet the engineering of such a MaxFeLaser must be completed and it could itself become a practical method for generating power. If developed on a commercial scale the technology would transform nuclear power generation from a hazardous and prohibitively expensive means of power production by making it safer and cheaper.

The same technique could be applied to other radioactive wastes like technetium-99, strontium-90 and isotopes of caesium, plutonium and americium. The question of transmutation of all radioactive waste in this manner is just a short way down the track, probably three to five years, if proper funding is secured. The only way of doing this at present is by building huge accelerators. However, in the less time MaxFelasers will develop enormously and so there will be two players on the block.'" One big difference is the MaxFelaser is an all in one system that is the prime mover in electrical power generation. The next step for LPS is to develop this technology on an industrial scale. "The MaxFelaser: Producing Power by Burning Nuclear fuel"
 "Neutralizing Nuclear Waste Using Applied Physics"
 "Transmutation Of Nuclear Waste Products Using Ultra high energy MaxFelasers"
 "Laser-transmutation for Waste Management"
Hi Nuke1, the thorium is in the form of a tetra fluoride (ThF4) dissolved in a solvent of lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride. Upon neutron absorption, it will break apart (ionically) and reconstitute as 233ThF4, which will then beta-decay and reconstitute as PaF4. After decay to protactinium, it will be removed from the blanket by a processing system and be allowed to decay to UF4 outside of the reactor's neutron flux, and then be reintroduced into the core salt of the reactor as a fuel. Yes, the neutron is electrically neutral, and therefore it does not electrically interact with the positively charged nucleus. This electrical neutrality allows the neutron to penetrate the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus and collide with the nucleus. Momentum is not exchanged between the particles unless there is a collision, unlike interactions between charged particles, which can take place at (relatively) great atomic distances. Electromagnetic scattering is the fundamental reason why fusion reactors must operate at such extraordinary temperature (~10 keV), density, and confinement.

I've been asked the same question about thorium investment by a number of different people and I'll give you the same (free) advice I gave them--it's not really worth doing right now. Of all the problems relating to getting thorium to the point of being a viable global energy source, thorium supply is about problem number #962. The investment opportunity is not in the thorium itself, it's in the technology that unlocks the value of thorium. A hundred years ago, Marie Curie and her husband would pain-stakingly process tonnes of pitchblende ore, throwing out the worthless uranium, to get at the very small amount of radium in the ore. Later on, she figured out that the radium was coming from the uranium--it was part of the decay chain. Later on after that,
Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner figured out that that uranium could be fissioned (at least the U-235). So the technological breakthrough made the uranium non-worthless. Right now, thorium is so "worthless" that the US government buried 3200 metric tonnes of it in the Nevada desert due to lack of demand.

If it was economically advantageous to go and put thorium in today's light-water reactors, it would have already been done. This has been looked at for decades, examined in documents like WASH-1059, and even attempted in the last core of the Shipping port reactor. Can it be done? Yes. Is it economically advantageous? No. We need the reactor that can advantageously use thorium. All of my research points me to the liquid-fluoride reactor as the machine that can make thorium useful. Fluoride reactor technology was developed and demonstrated in the United States at Oak Ridge National Lab. But because it threatened the AEC's commitment to sodium-cooled plutonium fast-breeder reactors, the AEC killed it in 1974. I think someday history will record that as one of the biggest mistakes in nuclear development. Are there functioning thorium reactors today? Yes, the Indians have a research reactor that's using thorium, but its solid-core and not a thorium burner. The energy amplifier--unnecessary complexity proposed by scientists who've made their careers on particle accelerators.

Maxfelaser TECHNOLOGY Fuel Abundance Laser Power Systems has spent more than 20 years in the quiet research and development of Uranium or thorium-fueled High-energy and Ultra-High energy laser LPS is now ready to make its research public and offer-for the first time in history - safe, clean, affordable, abundant, carbon-free energy on a national scale. How is the MaxFeLaser design different from conventional Fel designs? With so many benefits, why has this type of design not matured sooner? In the past ten years, computer technology was developed that allowed us to move thorium forward as a viable fuel source. The key factor in the computer analysis is discerning the difference in the reactions of thorium and U238. Eliminates production of greenhouse gases
Dramatically lowers the volume and toxicity of waste
Significantly improves safety
Removes the hazards associated with current fuel production
Operates in an environmentally safe manner
Prevents nuclear weapons proliferation
Significantly reduces Felaser size and complexity
Drastically reduces fuel costs
 The LPS MaxFel fueled Thorium laser can produce electricity for less than $0.01 per kilowatt-hour
The natural abundance of thorium, its low cost of mining and milling, the low volume of waste produced, and its lower long-term radio toxicity mean that the LPS MaxFelaser systems.

 Uses fuel that—mass for mass—are 500 times cheaper and produces about 18 million time more energy than Coal.
 has less than 50% of the capital costs, based on a design philosophy of robust mechanical simplicity

1.1.2 Thorium Fuel
THORIUM LASER FUEL
Eliminates production of greenhouse gases
Dramatically lowers the volume and toxicity of waste
Significantly improves safety
Removes the hazards associated with current fuel production
Operates in an environmentally safe manner
Prevents nuclear weapons proliferation
Significantly reduces Felaser size and complexity
Drastically reduces fuel costs

 The LPS MaxFel fueled Thorium laser can produce electricity for less than $0.01 per kilowatt-hour

The process of Lasing nuclear fuel such as Thorium is different from fission, as the nuclei does not slit, the process is more like material decay accelerated, yet the amount free energy contained remains the same The Thorium lasing effect is catalyzed by Pt and exo-modulated by other rear earth elements. The final product of the lased Thorium process would be lead. This "technology of lasing thorium" would be a safe and reduce nuclear waste problems at the same time.

The investment opportunity is not in the thorium itself, it's in the technology that unlocks the value of thorium.

This is intended to education the public about the value of thorium as a future energy source. Despite the fact that our world is desperately searching for new sources of energy, the value of thorium is not well-understood, even in the "nuclear engineering" community. The fundamental basis for considering nuclear energy over chemical energy is the binding energy released in each case.
Chemical energy is released when the electron configuration of atoms is rearranged through a chemical process (combustion, digestion, etc.) Electrons are bound to nuclei with binding energies measured in electron volts (eV). The protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus, on the other hand, are bound with energies measured in millions of electron volts (MeV). Thus, rearranging the nucleus of an atom (through fusion or fission) releases roughly a million times more energy than chemical energy release. There are four basic nuclear "fuels" found in nature: deuterium, lithium, thorium, and uranium. Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen that is found wherever hydrogen is found (such as water). Lithium is a light metal found in lake evaporates. In a traditional fusion reactor, lithium is converted to tritium (another hydrogen isotope) and then fused with deuterium, releasing energy and additional neutrons. But fusion is fundamentally difficult because positively charged particles tend to repel each other strongly, and only extraordinary temperatures, magnetic confinement, and complicated engineering can coax them to fuse. Despite all this effort, the goal of economical fusion energy is distant and perhaps unreachable, even if the physics can be conquered.

Fission of uranium or thorium, on the other hand, is much easier because neutrons are used to induce destabilization and splitting of the nucleus. The neutron is uncharged, so there is no magnetic repulsion to contend with in the fission process.

No magnetic confinement or vacuum chambers are required either. The downside of fission is the generation of unstable, neutron-rich fission products that seek stability through successive beta decay. Fission of natural uranium requires the construction of reactors that maintain high neutron energies (fast-spectrum reactors) throughout their operation. This is because the fission of plutonium-239 (the result of neutron absorption in uranium-238, the dominant isotope) does not produce enough neutrons to sustain the process unless it is bombarded by high-energy neutrons. Fission of natural thorium, on the other hand, is much easier because its absorption product (uranium-233) produces enough neutrons from collision with a slowed-down (thermal) neutron to sustain the fission reaction, given that the reactor is designed to be frugal with its neutrons. This feature, and the abundance of thorium worldwide, gives thorium a profound advantage over the other nuclear fuels for sustained energy generation. Thorium is abundant in the Earth's crust and widespread across the United States and around the world: This is a storage cask containing 200 lbs of thorium nitrate. This thorium was formed in a supernova over five billion years ago, and during its formation, it was infused with vast amounts of energy in the structure of its nucleus. For five billion years this material has stored its energy, and only in the last 60 years have we realized how to utilize it.

Inside the cask we see the thorium nitrate, with a consistency much like sugar. It is mildly radioactive, not so much from the thorium itself but from decay products that have formed. The material can be handled with only a rubber glove as shielding. Releasing the energy from thorium is a three-step process. First, the thorium must be exposed to neutrons. When it intercepts and absorbs a neutron, it will transmute from thorium-232 to thorium-233. In a few minutes, the thorium-233 will decay into protactinium-233. Next, the protactinium-233 must be isolated from neutrons. The Pa-233 nucleus has a half-life of 27 days, and when it decays it will decay into uranium-233. But during its time as Pa-233, it has a great affinity for capturing another neutron. This is undesirable since it will lead to the formation of Pa-234, which will then decay to U-234, which is not fissile.

But if the Pa-233 is isolated from neutrons, it will decay as planned, and a nucleus of uranium-233 will be formed. Then the uranium-233 is reintroduced into the reactor and exposed to neutrons. It will undergo fission, releasing additional neutrons to continue the consumption of additional thorium.

This technique of "expose, isolate, expose" is essentially impossible to do in a typical solid-fueled reactor, because it would require the fuel to be almost continually reprocessed. This is why "fluid-fueled reactors" were examined as thorium burners almost from the outset of the nuclear age. As early as 1948, scientists like Eugene Wigner were proposing ways to build reactors with nuclear fuel in a fluid form to consume thorium. Several of these reactors were built, and as a class, they had tremendous safety and operational advantages. But one was superior on practically all counts--the liquid-fluoride reactor. This reactor represents the ideal thorium burner, in my opinion, and I shall attempt to show why I think so.

"The physical principles underlying the MaxFeLaser technology are established conventional photonuclear principles applied in a new and revolutionary manner." It may be that all we need now is an economical source of Fuel.

The following is an abstract of Dr. Steves paper "MaxFeLaser Photo-transmutation for Waste Management" that explains the basics. "A three axel electro-magnetic accelerator, which also acts as a containment vessel, accelerates electrons in a rear earth matrix (which contains the "fuel" to be burned") to generate Photons and gamma rays, the reaction, thus releasing about 200 MeV. A Misfeasor built according to this principle requires an "accelerator" driven by 12 v power supply employing a tesla coil which steps up the voltage to 100,000 v. The reaction is not self-sustaining and stops when the system is turned off. This MaxFeLaser may be used to "burn-up" a wide verity of fuels spent fuel from fission reactors, if simply one option. The fact that the reaction is not self-sustaining is a safety feature allowing immediate shut-down in the event of a problem." The photo-fission results in typical spent fuel waste products such as Cs137 and Sr90 which undergo photodisintegration by the (g, n) [(g, n)] reaction resulting in short lived or stable products. Chemical separations of the spent fuel isotopes are not necessary. : The application of photonuclear physics to nuclear waste is called Photo deactivation. Photo deactivation involves the irradiation of specific radioactive isotopes to force the emission of a neutron, thereby producing an isotope of reduced atomic mass. These resultant isotopes can be characteristically either not radioactive or radioactive with a short half-life. The fundamental mechanism works on the laboratory scale, and preliminary research suggests that this technology will also work on the industrial scale. LPS is taking the steps necessary for commercialization of the technology. As for most of the advanced nuclear technologies developed today, computer simulation is one of the most important and necessary steps. LPS will use and improve research and development, design, test, improve, and develop experiments and commercial facilities through computer modeling. LPS plans to capitalize on its patent and patent-pending technology by forming strategic alliances and joint ventures with well-established leaders in the nuclear industry. Continued revenue streams are expected through licensing of the technology with both upfront fees and ongoing royalties. LPS technology, the MaxFeLaser process by its very design is the best applications for remediation of nuclear waste. The proposed process would operate at a sub-critical level, and be inherently safe. Any excess heat produced by the process could also be recovered for heating. The efficiency claimed exceeds 90% due to the high cross-section reactions in the MaxFelaser and its Resonance region. The 10 MeV electron beam produces typical fission reactions in the 200MeV range effectively turning high level solid wastes such as spent fuel into an energy source. The process is intended for on-site power gernation something that current nuclear technology can never offer.

While this idea is similar in topology to a system being developed by Los Alamos National Labs, Dr. Stevens approach offers several advantages: no need for extensive chemical pre-processing and the energy required to effect transmutation is greatly reduced. No new technology needs to be developed, yet the engineering of such a MaxFeLaser must be completed and it could itself become a practical method for generating power.

If developed on a commercial scale the technology would transform nuclear power generation from a hazardous and prohibitively expensive means of power production by making it safer and cheaper. The same technique could be applied to other radioactive wastes like technetium-99, strontium-90 and isotopes of caesium, plutonium and americium. The question of transmutation of all radioactive waste in this manner is just a short way down the track, probably three to five years, if proper funding is secured.

The only way of doing this at present is by building huge accelerators. However, in the less time MaxFelasers will develop enormously and so there will be two players on the block.'" One big difference is the MaxFelaser is an all in one system that is the prime mover in electrical power generation. The next step for LPS is to develop this technology on an industrial scale. "The MaxFelaser: Producing Power by Burning Nuclear fuel"
 "Neutralizing Nuclear Waste Using Applied Physics"
 "Transmutation Of Nuclear Waste Products Using Ultra high energy MaxFelasers"
 "Laser-transmutation for Waste Management"

Hi Nuke1, the thorium is in the form of a tetra fluoride (ThF4) dissolved in a solvent of lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride. Upon neutron absorption, it will break apart (ionically) and reconstitute as 233ThF4, which will then beta-decay and reconstitute as PaF4. After decay to protactinium, it will be removed from the blanket by a processing system and be allowed to decay to UF4 outside of the reactor's neutron flux, and then be reintroduced into the core salt of the reactor as a fuel. Yes, the neutron is electrically neutral, and therefore it does not electrically interact with the positively charged nucleus. This electrical neutrality allows the neutron to penetrate the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus and collide with the nucleus. Momentum is not exchanged between the particles unless there is a collision, unlike interactions between charged particles, which can take place at (relatively) great atomic distances.
Electromagnetic scattering is the fundamental reason why fusion reactors must operate at such extraordinary temperature (~10 keV), density, and confinement.
I've been asked the same question about thorium investment by a number of different people and I'll give you the same (free) advice I gave them--it's not really worth doing right now. Of all the problems relating to getting thorium to the point of being a viable global energy source, thorium supply is about problem number #962. The investment opportunity is not in the thorium itself, it's in the technology that unlocks the value of thorium. A hundred years ago, Marie Curie and her husband would pain-stakingly process tonnes of pitchblende ore, throwing out the worthless uranium, to get at the very small amount of radium in the ore. Later on, she figured out that the radium was coming from the uranium--it was part of the decay chain. Later on after that, Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner figured out that that uranium could be fissioned (at least the U-235). So the technological breakthrough made the uranium non-worthless. Right now, thorium is so "worthless" that the US government buried 3200 metric tonnes of it in the Nevada desert due to lack of demand. If it was economically advantageous to go and put thorium in today's light-water reactors, it would have already been done. This has been looked at for decades, examined in documents like WASH-1059, and even attempted in the last core of the Shipping port reactor. Can it be done? Yes. Is it economically advantageous? No.

We need the reactor that can advantageously use thorium. All of my research points me to the liquid-fluoride reactor as the machine that can make thorium useful. Fluoride reactor technology was developed and demonstrated in the United States at Oak Ridge National Lab. But because it threatened the AEC's commitment to sodium-cooled plutonium fast-breeder reactors, the AEC killed it in 1974. I think someday history will record that as one of the biggest mistakes in nuclear development. Are there functioning thorium reactors today? Yes, the Indians have a research reactor that's using thorium, but its solid-core and not a thorium burner. The energy amplifier--unnecessary complexity proposed by scientists who've made their careers on particle accelerators. Maxfelaser TECHNOLOGY Fuel Abundance Laser Power Systems has spent more than 20 years in the quiet research and development of Uranium or thorium-fueled High-energy and Ultra-High energy laser LPS is now ready to make its research public and offer-for the first time in history - safe, clean, affordable, abundant, carbon-free energy on a national scale. In the past ten years, computer technology was developed that allowed us to move thorium forward as a viable fuel source. The key factor in the computer analysis is discerning the difference in the reactions of thorium and U238.

 The natural abundance of thorium, its low cost of mining and milling, the low volume of waste produced, and its lower long-term radio toxicity mean that the LPS MaxFelaser systems.
 Uses fuel that—mass for mass—are 500 times cheaper and produces about 20 million time more energy than Coal.
 has less than 50% of the capital costs, based on a design philosophy of robust mechanical simplicity

The Key to manufacturing the MaxFeLasers is ALD "Atomic Layer Deposition" this technology was developed for the silicon chip industry.
Dynamics of Atomic Layer Deposition
The fundamental notion behind Atomic Layer Deposition is rather simple: It is a process by which an atomic layer of material can be affixed to a surface material one layer at a time.
By depositing one layer per cycle, ALD offers extreme precision in ultra-thin film growth since the number of cycles determines the number of atomic layers and therefore the precise thickness of deposited film.
The process involves pushing a pulse of a heated chemical gas (or plasma) into a chamber, which contains a chemical substrate or some other material waiting to be coated. What makes ALD so perfectly uniform – meaning it doesn’t allow these gaseous atoms to pile-up on top of each other – is that it takes advantage of a limiting chemical reaction. This reaction only allows one atom at a time to bind to the surface material. And once all of the possible bonding-sites have been taken-up, the reaction stops, leaving behind a pinhole-free layer of molecules – like the thinnest paint coat physically possible.

NB. Full detailed information available upon identified request.

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